Tyrosol May Prevent Obesity by Inhibiting Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes.

Tyrosol (TR), a major polyphenol found in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), exerts several antioxidant effects. However, only scarce evidences are present regarding its activity on adipocytes and obesity. This study evaluated the role of TR in adipogenesis. Murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were incubated with TR (300 and 500 µM), and TR administration inhibited adipogenesis by downregulation of several adipogenic factors (leptin and aP2) and transcription factors (C/EBPα, PPARγ, SREBP1c, and Glut4) and by modulation of the histone deacetylase sirtuin 1. After complete differentiation, adipocytes treated with 300 and 500 µM TR showed a reduction of 20% and 30% in lipid droplets, respectively. Intracellular triglycerides were significantly reduced after TR treatment (p < 0.05). Mature adipocytes treated with TR at 300 and 500 µM showed a marked decrease in the inflammatory state and oxidative stress as shown by the modulation of specific biomarkers (TNF, IL6, ROS, and SOD2). TR treatment also acted on the early stage of differentiation by reducing cell proliferation (~40%) and inducing cell cycle arrest during Mitotic Expansion Clonal (first 48 h of differentiation), as shown by the increase in both S1 phase and p21 protein expression. We also showed that TR induced lipolysis by activating the AMPK-ATGL-HSL pathway. In conclusion, we provided evidence that TR reduces 3T3-L1 differentiation through downregulation of adipogenic proteins, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Moreover, TR may trigger adipose tissue browning throughout the induction of the AMPK-ATGL-UCP1 pathway and, subsequently, may have promise as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment and prevention of obesity.

Cytotoxicity of xyloglucan from Copaifera langsdorffii and its complex with oxovanadium (IV/V) on B16F10 cells.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of xyloglucan extracted from Copaifera langsdorffii seeds (XGC) and its complex with oxovanadium (XGC:VO) in murine melanoma B16F10 cells. The formation of complexes was followed by potentiometric titration and further demonstrated by 51V RMN. The viability and proliferation of B16F10 cells were reduced up 50% by the xyloglucan and its complex, both at 200 µg/mL, from 24 to 72 h. Cytotoxic effects of XGC and XGC:VO do not involve changes in cell cycle progression. Only XGC:VO (200 µg/mL) promoted the cell death evidenced by annexin V stain. XGC increased the respiration and lactate levels in melanoma cells, while XGC:VO reduced about 50% the respiration and levels of pyruvate, without alter the lactate levels, indicating that both xyloglucan preparations interfere with the metabolism of B16F10 cells. No change in activity of the enzyme hexokinase and expression of pyruvate kinase M2 was observed. XGC:VO (200 µg/mL) negatively modulated the expression of the ß subunit of ATP synthase. The results demonstrate that the cytotoxicity of XGC and XGC:VO on murine melanoma B16F10 cells can be related to the impairment of the mitochondrial functions linked to energy provision.

Sintomas que afetam a ingestão alimentar de pacientes com linfoma em quimioterapia ambulatorial / Symptoms affecting patient’s in take of food with lymphoma in out patient chemotherapy

Os linfomas são uma neoplasia maligna, os quais se originam nos linfonodos, que estão envolvidos no combate às infecções.Essa neoplasia teve o maior crescimento na incidência entre as doenças oncohematológicas. O objetivo do estudofoi avaliar os possíveis sintomas gastrointestinais apresentados pelo paciente durante o tratamento e relacioná-los com aingestão alimentar e estado nutricional. Foi realizada a avaliação subjetiva global, índice de massa corporal, área musculardo braço e avaliada o consumo alimentar, assim como presença de sintomas gastrointestinais em portadores de linfoma,submetidos à quimioterapia ambulatorial. A amostra foi composta por 30 pacientes do Serviço de Oncologia Clínica doHospital Erasto Gaertner do Paraná, entre os meses de maio a junho de 2014, sendo 33,3% com linfoma de Hodgkin e66,7% com linfoma não Hodgkin. Segundo a ASG 100% dos pacientes foram considerados como nutridos, porém 46,7%dos pacientes apresentaram perda ponderal. Segundo a AMB, 57% dos pacientes apresentaram algum grau de desnutrição.Em relação ao IMC, 26,7% dos adultos estavam eutróficos, 30% com sobrepeso, 13,3% obesidade e nenhum com desnutrição,já nos idosos 6,7% estavam abaixo do peso, 6,7% eutróficos e 16,7% com excesso de peso. Houve diminuição naingestão alimentar por parte dos pacientes após início da quimioterapia, sendo náuseas, disgeusia, xerostomia e obstipaçãoos sintomas mais frequentes. Considerando os sintomas gastrointestinais que interferem diretamente no padrão alimentare a perda ponderal ocasionados pelo tratamento quimioterápico, os pacientes oncohematológicos devem ser consideradospacientes em risco nutricional e receber acompanhamento nutricional especializado, visando minimizar seus efeitoscolaterais adversos e melhorar sua qualidade de vida.(AU)

Lymphomas are a malignant neoplasm which arises in the lymph nodes, which are involved in fighting infection. This cancerhad the highest increase in incidence among oncohematological diseases. The objective of the study was evaluate the possiblegastrointestinal symptoms presented by the patient during treatment and relates them to food intake and nutritionalstatus. The subjective global assessment was performed; body mass index, arm muscle area and assessed food intake, aswell as presence of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with lymphoma undergoing outpatient chemotherapy. The sampleconsisted of 30 patients of the Oncology Clinic Erasto Gaertner Hospital of Paraná service, between the months of Mayand June 2014, 33.3% with Hodgkin’s lymphoma and 66.7% with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. According to ASG 100% ofpatients were considered nourished, but 46.7% of patients had weight loss. According to the AMB, 57% of patients hadsome degree of malnutrition. In the BMI, 26.7% of adults were eutrophic, 30% were overweight, 13.3% were obese andnone with malnutrition, in relation to the elderly 6.7% were underweight, 6.7% were eutrophic and 16.7 % overweight.There was a decrease in food intake by some patients after chemotherapy initiation, being nausea, dysgeusia, dry mouthand constipation the most frequent symptoms. Considering the gastrointestinal symptoms that interfere directly in the dietarypattern and weight loss caused by chemotherapy, the onco hematological patients should be considered at nutritional riskand receiving specialized nutritional monitoring to minimize its adverse side effects and improve their life quality.(AU)

Sintomas que afetam a ingestãoalimentar de pacientes com linfoma emquimioterapia ambulatorial / Symptoms affecting patient’s intake of food with lymphoma inoutpatient chemotherapy

Os linfomas são uma neoplasia maligna, os quais se originam nos linfonodos, que estão envolvidos no combate às infecções.Essa neoplasia teve o maior crescimento na incidência entre as doenças oncohematológicas. O objetivo do estudofoi avaliar os possíveis sintomas gastrointestinais apresentados pelo paciente durante o tratamento e relacioná-los com aingestão alimentar e estado nutricional. Foi realizada a avaliação subjetiva global, índice de massa corporal, área musculardo braço e avaliada o consumo alimentar, assim como presença de sintomas gastrointestinais em portadores de linfoma,submetidos à quimioterapia ambulatorial. A amostra foi composta por 30 pacientes do Serviço de Oncologia Clínica doHospital Erasto Gaertner do Paraná, entre os meses de maio a junho de 2014, sendo 33,3% com linfoma de Hodgkin e66,7% com linfoma não Hodgkin. Segundo a ASG 100% dos pacientes foram considerados como nutridos, porém 46,7%dos pacientes apresentaram perda ponderal. Segundo a AMB, 57% dos pacientes apresentaram algum grau de desnutrição.Em relação ao IMC, 26,7% dos adultos estavam eutróficos, 30% com sobrepeso, 13,3% obesidade e nenhum com desnutrição,já nos idosos 6,7% estavam abaixo do peso, 6,7% eutróficos e 16,7% com excesso de peso. Houve diminuição naingestão alimentar por parte dos pacientes após início da quimioterapia, sendo náuseas, disgeusia, xerostomia e obstipaçãoos sintomas mais frequentes. Considerando os sintomas gastrointestinais que interferem diretamente no padrão alimentare a perda ponderal ocasionados pelo tratamento quimioterápico, os pacientes oncohematológicos devem ser consideradospacientes em risco nutricional e receber acompanhamento nutricional especializado, visando minimizar seus efeitoscolaterais adversos e melhorar sua qualidade de vida.

Lymphomas are a malignant neoplasm which arises in the lymph nodes, which are involved in fighting infection. This cancerhad the highest increase in incidence among oncohematological diseases. The objective of the study was evaluate the possiblegastrointestinal symptoms presented by the patient during treatment and relates them to food intake and nutritionalstatus. The subjective global assessment was performed; body mass index, arm muscle area and assessed food intake, aswell as presence of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with lymphoma undergoing outpatient chemotherapy. The sampleconsisted of 30 patients of the Oncology Clinic Erasto Gaertner Hospital of Paraná service, between the months of Mayand June 2014, 33.3% with Hodgkin’s lymphoma and 66.7% with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. According to ASG 100% ofpatients were considered nourished, but 46.7% of patients had weight loss. According to the AMB, 57% of patients hadsome degree of malnutrition. In the BMI, 26.7% of adults were eutrophic, 30% were overweight, 13.3% were obese andnone with malnutrition, in relation to the elderly 6.7% were underweight, 6.7% were eutrophic and 16.7 % overweight.There was a decrease in food intake by some patients after chemotherapy initiation, being nausea, dysgeusia, dry mouthand constipation the most frequent symptoms. Considering the gastrointestinal symptoms that interfere directly in the dietarypattern and weight loss caused by chemotherapy, the onco hematological patients should be considered at nutritional riskand receiving specialized nutritional monitoring to minimize its adverse side effects and improve their life quality.

Phase angle from BIA as a prognostic and nutritional status tool for children and adolescents undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The phase angle (PA) has been considered a prognostic and nutritional status indicator in several clinical situations considering its use as a body cell mass estimate value. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between PA and other methods of nutritional assessment, as well as its prognostic value for children and adolescents undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). METHODS: The nutritional status of 67 patients and 35 controls was assessed by bioelectric impedance analysis and anthropometric measurements. The phase angle was calculated and expressed in degrees and standardized (SPA) according to reference values. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival and Kappa coefficient to determine the concordance between the SPA and other parameters of nutritional assessment. The correlation was established by using Pearson's correlation analysis. RESULTS: SPA progressively decreased during the treatment. The agreement between SPA and the diagnosis of malnutrition was moderate to %ideal weight, %TSF and %AMC and weak for BMI and weight/age z-score. Patients who had severe weight loss after transplantation had lower levels of SPA as compared to the group that did not lose weight (p < 0.001). Patients who developed chronic graft-versus-host disease had lower levels of SPA (p = 0.02), as well as patients who had been using corticosteroids during the post-transplant phase (p = 0.03). In this case, there was an inverse correlation between drug dose and SPA (p = 0.01). Patients with SPA ≤ 0 SD had a lower survival time as compared to the group of patients with SPA > 0 SD (p = 0.02) and showed an increased risk of death of 5.1as compared to the other group (95% CI: 1.41-18.94). CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that SPA could be useful as an indicator of survival and nutritional status for patients undergoing HSCT.